- Diagnosis can be made on micturailng cysfourethrorography Antegrade and retrograde pyelography -Antagrade pyelography demonsfrares the urinary tract

elongated in adVanced caaes, elongated and deformity öf both the minor and major calyces, produces lypical 'splder leg' appearance 8 Renal artsry stenosis On tha affected side tne abnomalitias are - (a) Decreased renalsize (diflerence öf more than 1.5 cm In length öf the two kdineys) (d) Deiay In - excreyion- of contrast A rapidseqüence urogrammay be necessary to demonstrate this since the inequality. In excretion ralas may be minimal (c) Increased corncentrration of conlrast medlum (d) demonston in slze öf the colleoting system (e) Ureteral notching (due ro development of collateral circulationr through ureteral arteies from branchae of aorta) A renal angiogram is necessary to contirm the diagnoasis 9 Ranal tumors - (a) Wilms tumor On plan x-ray, soft tissue mass is seen in region öf klodhey, wich us ually does not cross the rnidine On ivediston and dlsplaoemenl of pelvi-carycl syslsm ls seen (displac:ment bul no distortion In neuroblastoma) (b] Adenocaicinoma (Hvpe'mephrorne. Grawitz lumor) - On plaln from large sofl tiSSUE shadow with oflen calciticaion IVU - ganeralaed or focal enlargemenl of kldney (it Impalred renal functlon on affected slde, nephrotopmphy may be performed) 10 Congenital posterior urethral valveses - Diagnosis can be made on micturailng cysfourethrorography Antegrade and retrograde pyelography -Antagrade pyelography demonsfrares the urinary tract by injecrtion of contcasf inlto ranal peivis with a catheter introduced percutaneously though the loln. relrograde py elographv by cystoscopy and ureterc catheterization The technlques are used to
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